WSP Mine Engineering & Stability

WSP Overview

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SOQ | Mine Engineering & Stability

MINING & METALS INTRODUCTION

The mining industry has a pivotal role to play in the green transition, and WSP's team of over 5,200 dedicated mining professionals are supporting the industry in delivering the metals and minerals required for a greener future, in a sustainable and responsible manner.

Full-Service Mining Consultancy When we consider environmental, social and governance factors in tandem with engineering and design decisions it results in more sustainable and resilient solutions. That’s why our global mining

team has professionals ranging from resource geologists to aquatic biologists, mine planners to cultural scientists. We are experts in our field, and we are passionate about mining.

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Mining & Metals Introduction

Leverage Global Talent Our clients benefit from the skills and knowledge of some of the industry’s best and brightest, no matter where they live. We believe better outcomes result from working together, across sectors and disciplines, sharing best practices and applying global expertise to local challenges.

140 + EUROPE

120 + ASIA

1,300 + CANADA

475 + USA

240 + AFRICA

1,200 + LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN

1,500 + AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND

5,200+ Mining Staff

6 Continents

~73,000+ Total Staff

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SOQ | Mine Engineering & Stability

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Mining & Metals Introduction

A TRUE GLOBAL BUSINESS THAT OPERATES ACROSS BORDERS WSP’S MINING & METALS TEAM Simplicity Our simple structure provides rapid and informed decision making, ease of collaboration, sharing of resources and stronger Working together in an organized, systematic, disciplined manner to offer diversified services for clients whether global, regional, or local Connected Our global connectivity provides increased technical capabilities and opportunities to serve as the partner of choice for mining companies with strong ESG commitments Adaptability Strong commerciality and scaling of our solutions to adapt to the shifting needs of our clients and the market Partner Being a more responsive, knowledgeable and efficient business partner with our clients risk management Collaborative

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PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-TO-PO O Page 10 SOQ | Mine Engineering & Stability

Mining & Metals Introduction

ORT ORT O

ORT ORT ORT ORT ORT ORT ORT ORT ORT ORT ORT / PIT-TO-PORT / PIT-T Our expertise doesn’t stop at the fence. As well as advising clients across the full mine lifecycle, we help them develop the vital infrastructure they need to connect them to the market – including roads, railway lines, ports, and harbors. From exploration to closure, pit to port, we provide comprehensive services to improve operations and enhance productivity in all market conditions. WE DO NOT ONLY ENVISION THE FUTURE. WE BUILD IT.

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SOQ | Mine Engineering & Stability

Environment & ESG

Resource Geology

„ Environmental & Social Assessment „ Geochemistry „ Air Quality/Noise Analysis „ Cultural Heritage „ Permitting Support Monitoring

„ Mineral Resource Estimates for Technical Reports: NI 43-101, S-K 1300, JORC „ Exploration Program Support „ Geologic & Grade Database Management „ Geostatistical & Grade Analysis „ Structural Interpretation & Modeling „ Grade Interpolation & Modeling

„ Safety, Industrial Hygiene „ Biodiversity/Biophysical „ Stakeholder Engagement „ Decarbonization „ Governance Services „ Human Health & Ecological

„ Risk Assessment „ GHG Management

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Mining & Metals Introduction

Mineral Processing

„ Front End Studies „ Technical Due Diligence Reviews „ Mineral Reserve Estimates „ Technical Reports: NI 43-101, S-K 1300, JORC „ Mine Design, Planning, Material Balance & Cost Estimation „ Operational Site Support „ Heap Leach Facilities „ Geotechnical Data Collection „ Numerical Modeling „ Geophysics Mine Engineering & Stability

„ Front End Studies „ Metallurgical Test Work Definition & Supervision „ Process Design „ Process Support & QP/CP for Mineral Reserve Estimates „ Technical Reports: NI 43-101, S-K 1300, JORC „ Detailed Engineering „ Operational Support Optimization

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Mine Water

Infrastructure

„ Surface Water Studies & Design „ Hydrogeology „ Pit & Underground Mine Dewatering „ Water Treatment Studies, Design, Construction & Operation „ Water Balances „ Water Quality Modeling „ Water Stewardship

„ Underground: Crushing, loading, etc. „ Ore Handling: Hoisting, Shaft, Conveyors, etc. „ Access Roads, Bridges & Pads „ Surface facilities: Plants, offices, shops, camps, etc. „ Power Generation & Distribution „ Marine, Ports & Coastal „ Railways & Airports

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Mining & Metals Introduction

Mine Waste

Mine Closure

„ Tailings & Waste Rock Facilities „ Systems Operations & Monitoring „ Site Geotechnical Engineering „ Dewatering Plants (Thickened/Paste/Filtered) „ Pipelines (Slurry/Thickened/Paste) „ Waste Management Planning

„ Closure Planning & Alternative Analysis „ Regulatory and Stakeholder Engagement & Approvals „ Engineering Design & Implementation „ Cover Design, Revegetation, & Rehabilitation Services „ Landform Design & Alternative Land Use „ Demolition „ Post-Closure Monitoring & Maintenance

„ Seismic Analysis „ Laboratory Testing

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FUTURE READY ®

WSP is committed to building ESG principles and processes into everything we do for our clients, applying our “future-ready” approach to help you anticipate, plan for and implement your Sustainability Goals. We have developed an ESG Framework (Scorecard) as a way of demonstrating and in some cases quantifying, how we have integrated ESG considerations into our client projects across the full spectrum of engineering services for our mining clients. WITH FUTURE READY ® WE SEE THE FUTURE MORE CLEARLY AND CHALLENGE OUR TEAMS ACROSS THE WORLD TO ADVISE AND DESIGN FOR THIS FUTURE AS WELL AS TODAY.

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Future Ready ®

A mine’s life can span decades. During that time

technologies will change, society will change, and the climate will change. Through Future Ready ® – we challenge and inspire our people to advise and design for the future as well as today. The result is resilient design that stands the test of time in an ever changing landscape.”

We analyze future trends through 4 lenses

Climate

Society

Technology Resources

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MINE ENGINEERING & STABILITY OUR COMPREHENSIVE AND HIGHLY SKILLED MINING ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGY TEAMS PROVIDES OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS FOR PROJECTS OF ALL SIZES. NO JOB IS TOO COMPLEX FOR WSP’S EXPERTS. Our highly experienced professionals are recognized internationally for their expertise in geology and mining engineering. We cover all aspects of the project, including mine design, front-end studies, due diligence, fleet sizing and selection, and cost estimation. Our Qualified Persons are well-versed in international reporting standards including SK-1300, NI 43-101, and JORC. We excel in delivering mining solutions that span multiple commodities across the globe whether on the surface or underground.

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Mine Engineering & Stability

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SOQ | Mine Engineering & Stability

RESOURCE GEOLOGY

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EXPLORING DEPOSITS OR REMOTE AREAS FOR MINING REQUIRES CAREFUL CONSIDERATION OF LOCATION AND VIABILITY. Our resource geology team, with extensive international experience, provides comprehensive project support at every stage of development from exploration program design through to resource declaration, and beyond, as well as providing expert witness services related to deposit characterization. Our commodities expertise spans from critical minerals and precious metals to aggregates and oil sands. „ Mineral exploration, planning, support, and execution „ 3D geological modeling and Resource estimation „ Geoscientific data compilations, validation, and integration „ Statistical and geostatistical analyses „ Quality Assurance (QA) / Quality Control (QC) Program design, support, and reviews „ Front-end studies „ Scoping Studies, Initial Assessments and Pre-Feasibility Studies „ NI 43-101, JORC, S-K 1300, PERC, and SAMREC technical reporting „ Due diligence reports and acquisition reviews „ Technical and financial risk assessment „ Expert Witness Support Our resource geology team’s core services include:

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STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

WE ARE WORLD LEADERS IN 3D STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, FRACTURED ROCK ANALYSIS, AND CONSULTING FOR MINING, NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL, AND INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN. We guide governments and companies in responsible mining operations, improving safety and efficiency through technical excellence and innovation. Our services span exploration, data collection, deposit characterization, geohazard evaluation, mine design, mineral processing, and mine closure. A cornerstone of our expertise is our FracMan ® software, the first Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) modeling tool. We also consider environmental, social, and governance factors in project development. Trust WSP for effective, safe, and ethical project management. Our structural geology team’s core services include: „ Structural data collection, e.g., core logging, surface mapping, underground mapping „ Structural input for slope stability assessment, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves estimates „ Analyze and model discrete fracture networks (DFNs) „ Geotechnical block modelling „ Geohazard events and causes „ Risk and uncertainty for geology models „ Hands-on training in structural analysis and interpretation

„ Optimization exploration and drilling programs „ Integration of geophysics and remote sensing data „ Rock mass and 3D structure characterization „ Structural characterization for hydrogeology / reservoirs

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MINE ENGINEERING

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Our mining engineers are experienced in surface and underground mining design, with expertise in mining methods including: open-pit, strip, dredging, high wall, room and pillar, longwall, block caving, stoping, and solution mining. We can develop a geological model into a comprehensive mine plan including mine design, production scheduling, equipment fleet determination, capital and operating cost estimate, and economic evaluation of the project. PRACTICES IN THE WORLD, CONDUCTING WORK WITH CLIENTS ON EVERY CONTINENT EXCEPT ANTARCTICA. Below is a list of the core services offered by WSP’s mine engineering team. WSP IS ONE OF THE LARGEST GEOLOGY AND MINE PLANNING „ Conceptual, pre-feasibility and bankable feasibility studies „ Trade-off studies, cash flow analyses, Monte Carlo simulations, due diligence reviews, mergers & acquisitions support „ Drill & blast engineering, audits, optimization & destress studies „ Ventilation design and modeling „ Capabilities with leading industry software

„ Economic evaluation „ Technical reporting

„ Mine design, planning, sequencing & schedule „ Open pit and underground stope optimization „ Mine Closure and rehabilitation

„ Risk assessments and mitigation planning „ Mine dewatering and water treatment systems „ Reserve estimation and Qualified Person / Competent Person sign-off „ Design and development of hoisting and material movement systems „ Front end studies for early-stage projects through detailed engineering design for construction

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SOQ | Mine Engineering & Stability

MINE STABILITY

WSP OFFERS A COMPREHENSIVE RANGE OF SERVICES IN THE FIELD OF SLOPE ENGINEERING AND MINE STABILITY, PROVIDING SAFE, RELIABLE, AND EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS FOR BOTH OPEN PIT AND UNDERGROUND MINING OPERATIONS. Our diverse team of rock mechanics engineers, geological engineers, geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists utilize advanced techniques in modeling, instrumentation, risk management practices, and characterization of rock properties to minimize uncertainties and provide solutions to complex issues facing our clients and mine operations. „ Operational support – Ground Control Management Plans, audits/ inspections and secondment roles „ Geotechnical data collection programs ■ Mapping and drilling campaigns „ Ground support design (UG and Civil) „ Pit wall design „ Stope, pillar stability and underground mine sequence assessments „ Block Caving studies „ Fractured reservoir modeling (FracMan & Petrel) „ 3D Photogrammetry and remote (drone) monitoring „ Use of complex numerical modeling codes, including: ■ FLAC/FLAC 3D, UDEC/3DEC, PFC, ELFIN, MAP3D, FRACMAN „ Incorporation of complex geometry and constitutive models „ Lidar surveying of pit slopes „ Calibration of complex geologic models through back analysis „ Scope of services include: ■ Dynamic analyses including seepage and seismic loading ■ Coupled thermal and hydrogeochemical analyses ■ Mine design optimization

■ Incorporation of transient behavior ■ Discrete fracture network simulation

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MINERAL PROCESSING

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WSP HAS A TEAM OF ENGINEERS WHO SPECIALIZE IN MINERAL PROCESSING. Our expertise includes gold, base metals (Copper, Nickel, Zinc, etc.) iron ore, fertilizers, lithium, graphite, and diamonds. From early project studies to detailed engineering and plant debottlenecking, our metallurgists have the capacity to support projects of all scales located anywhere in the world. Our experience covers both greenfields and brownfields, and we can also provide guidance for technical reviews and due diligence projects. Our metallurgists work closely with engineers of all disciplines (mechanical, piping, civil, structural, electrical, and instrumentation) and cost estimators to provide complete plant solutions. A summary of our services is presented below: Project Types: „ Front End studies and detailed engineering „ Operational support and optimization „ Tailings reprocessing „ Pilot and demonstration plants „ Metallurgical testwork definition and supervision „ Technical Due Diligence reviews „ Process support & QP / CP for mineral reserve estimates „ Process flow diagram, piping and instrumentation diagrams „ Plant 3D models and general arrangement drawings „ Plant capital and operating costs estimation Process areas covered by our expertise: „ Crushing, screening, grinding „ Ore sorting „ Gravity separation, dense media separation, magnetic separation, solid/liquid separation „ Leaching „ Adsorption, desorption, electrowinning, and refining „ Flotation, flocculation, and chemical dosing

„ Ion exchange „ Crystallization „ Tailings filtration plants and Paste backfill plants

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OPERATIONAL SUPPORT AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

WSP HAS THE CAPACITY TO INTERVENE RAPIDLY ON PROJECTS AND EFFECTIVELY SOLVE OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS TO UNLOCK PROJECT POTENTIAL. We use the latest technologies such as simulations and digitalization to help clarify challenges and support our clients in overcoming them. Our operational support and digital transformation team offers the following advantages: „ Integrated teams with mining operations backgrounds „ We provide our clients with responsive, valuable and effective mine planning, drilling and blasting, stability, ventilation, materials handling, and cost optimization. „ Tailored solutions including simulation, digital transformation, operational support, and advanced integration of technologies. „ Implementation of robust governance frameworks ensures compliance, risk management and ethical practices ensuring trust, auditability, and transparency.

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RS / CROSS NEW

SUMMARY Successful mines must balance costs while increasing productivity, ensuring safety and meeting investor expectations in a socially acceptable manner. In understanding all aspects of the business, as well as the technical issues, WSP’s comprehensive and highly skilled mining engineering team provides safe and engineering solutions around the world for open-pit and underground projects. Our extensive experience ranges from scoping studies to detailed engineering and capital upgrades, capable of maximizing the economic potential of any project. economically optimal solutions. Our professionals have provided

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Summary

FRONTIERS / CR

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We are one of the world’s top professional services firms, bringing together some of the brightest engineers, advisors and scientists from across the globe. We exist to shape communities to advance humanity. We see the world through a Future Ready ® lens, fueled by a shared commitment to making a positive impact—one project and community at a time.

wsp.com/mining