GFL-Solid Waste Engineering Services SOQ

GFL Environmental Inc. Solid Waste Engineering Services Statement of Qualifications

2025

CONTENTS FIRM OVERVIEW................................................4

SOLID WASTE SERVICES ................................10

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES..........................24

DIGITAL SOLUTIONS.........................................43

UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL........45

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE.............................46

RENEWABLE ENERGY .....................................48

TRANSPORTATION AND RAILWAY.................55

INTERDISCIPLINARY ENGINEERING SERVICES................................56

RELEVANT EXPERIENCE.................................58

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COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE

FIRM OVERVIEW WSP USA Inc. (WSP) is a globally recognized professional services firm. Our talented experts are well positioned to deliver successful and sustainable projects, wherever our clients need us. From our earliest roots in the U.S. more than 130 years ago, to our vast international presence today, WSP has enjoyed continuous growth and expansion. Each step has enabled us to better fulfill our purpose of preparing our communities and environments for the future.

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Jeffrey Dobrowolski, PE Senior Vice President, Technical Principal jeffrey.dobrowolski@wsp.com 916-380-3374

Dawn Prell, PG Vice President, Technical Principal dawn.prell@wsp.com 248-214-6971

Linda Grover Specialist, Marketing linda.grover@wsp.com 248-231-7658

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Firm Overview

With WSP’s recent acquisitions of Golder, Wood Environment & Infrastructure, and POWERS Engineers, we have built one of the largest earth and environment practices in the world. With unparalleled know-how and reach, our combined teams can deliver best-in-class multi-disciplinary programs and solutions to help our clients meet their project goals. We are proud of the combined depth of expertise and resources that we can use to support your solid waste needs. WSP offers our clients local delivery that’s supported by a deep bench of national and global infrastructure and development professionals.

Our earth and environment practice professionals are driven by a passion to deliver results, offering unique specialized skills to address the ever-evolving challenges that the earth and environment present to clients across the infrastructure, mining, oil and gas, manufacturing, and power sectors. WSP has a large, dedicated waste services group that provides engineering, remediation, regulatory and compliance, design and environmental services on projects throughout the country. This team participates full-time on waste-related projects to provide successful project management and client satisfaction. WSP maintains more than 300 offices throughout the country that can quickly allocate the necessary staff to meet challenging schedules.

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Associated Services Our project experience covers all facets of the landfill life cycle, from siting and planning, permitting, design and expansions, through closure, to post closure maintenance and redevelopment. Our extensive experience helps our clients secure sustainable and community-centered solutions for waste reduction, recycling, composting, secure disposal, landfill gas (LFG) management, leachate management, environmental monitoring and asset management. Through the years, we have held fast to the core values that have guided our growth, from pioneering the use of geomembrane liners for the containment of hazardous wastes in the 1970s to developing innovative strategies that manage waste as a resource today. Every solution we propose begins by actively listening to our clients’ needs and working with regulators to achieve sustainable and compliant solutions that contribute to the quality of life of the communities. Our extensive landfill permitting and design portfolio for local landfill sites includes multi-year on-call contracts, as well as project-specific contracts. The success of these existing contracts shows our commitment to building long term client relationships and our ability to respond quickly to requests.

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Firm Overview

The future that awaits us will be different from today. By thinking outside the current paradigm and considering current and future trends, we can help you navigate potential roadblocks and pitfalls.

Future Ready ® – Our Goals Align The changing climate is amplifying vulnerabilities in organizations, systems, infrastructure, and communities, prompting leaders to evaluate and adapt practices and assets for long-term sustainability and resilience. Both GFL and WSP strive to provide exceptional service to our communities, while focusing on maximizing resource value and minimizing the impact to our environment. Our respective teams are fully committed to addressing complex challenges and deliver work that will yield a sustainable, prosperous, and resilient society. Leading the way in sustainable and equitable project development, WSP offers comprehensive support in embedding environmental and social principles across all aspects of the process. From climate-aligned finance and resilient planning to forward-thinking solutions that anticipate future challenges, we consider the trends related to climate, society, technology, and resources to create impactful and future-ready solutions. Additionally, our firm shares a common value in committing to environmental stewardship and to develop a future where all may thrive. Through thoughtful leadership, we seek to inspire our teams to be future-focused, develop sustainable long-term solutions and to challenge the status quo.

WSP’s Future Ready ® program helps us work with our clients in considering changes to climate, society, technology and resources that bring about challenges and opportunities.

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Firm Overview

BY THE NUMBERS

Current GFL MSA Contracts (U.S. and Canada) 19,000 2+ 350+ 50+ Professionals who successfully support major infrastructure and Years of Landfill Engineering Experience GFL Projects 1,450+ U.S. landfills that WSP has provided services. 72,800 Employees worldwide. development projects throughout the U.S.

120+ U.S. solid waste landfill engineers, scientists and specialists

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SOLID WASTE SERVICES

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Solid Waste Services

LANDFILL ENGINEERING From waste reduction and recycling to composting and resource recovery, solid waste management is more dynamic than ever. WSP offers a future focused approach to solid waste planning that helps clients improve their waste and recycling collection, processing, and disposal services with a focus on waste diversion, recovery, and sustainability. WSP offers services that consider technical, social, and economic criteria from project initiation through post-closure operations and maintenance. At the forefront of the waste management field, our extensive experience helps our clients secure sustainable and community-centered solutions for waste reduction, recycling, composting, secure disposal, LFG management, leachate management, environmental monitoring, and asset management. The principles of sustainability provide the basis when planning for an integrated solid waste management system to balance the economic, social, and environmental needs of our municipal and commercial customers.

Planning Services „ Landfill design „ Solid waste management plans „ Gas collection and control (GCCS) planning „ Surface emission monitoring (SEM) and reporting „ Waste characterization studies „ LFG migration studies and planning „ Risk assessments and remediation plans

„ Program assessments and benchmarking „ Liner destruction testing „ Monitoring plans and permitting support „ Routine monitoring of LFG monitoring probes and structures, as well as associated reporting „ Systems operations and management, monitoring, and action plans

„ Zero waste plans and sustainability master plans „ Collection and processing procurement assistance and contract compliance „ Resource recovery and circular economy planning „ Construction quality assurance (CQA) „ Geotechnical soils laboratory

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LANDFILL DESIGN With a clear focus on customer satisfaction, WSP offers design solutions that are cost-efficient and innovative while minimizing environmental and ecological impact. We have the expertise to design and manage landfills, including disposal cell design, drainage studies, operations design/implementation, and capping/closures. We implement advanced methods that fulfill regulatory requirements and weave in operational optimizations so that closure and post closure requirements can be implemented efficiently. This approach has proven to reduce overall liabilities and costs over the lifespan of landfills and post closure care.

Composting Facility Design „ Collection of data on quantity and quality of waste „ Initial planning – site availability, environmental, regulatory and public considerations „ Selection of applicable technologies - open or closed systems, leachate management and cost considerations „ Treatability study - pilot plant for new and/or unproven technologies „ Approvals process including regulatory approval and public acceptance „ Construction inspection „ Soil remediation „ Conceptual design of the composting process – preparation (e.g. shredding, screening), digestion (e.g. windrows, pits, trenches), curing (additional slower stabilization), finishing (e.g. screening, grinding), storage (may be combined with curing); consideration for equipment requirements such as: preparation (e.g. shredder, screen, loader), digestion (e.g. windrow turner, loader, air blower), curing (e.g. loader), finishing (e.g. screen, shredder, loader), and storage

Site Assessment and Design „ Grading plans and material balance „ Site investigations and remediation „ Permitting support „ Hydrogeology „ Site assessment and traffic routing

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Solid Waste Services

z HDPE and PVC piping systems Areas of Expertise „ Leachate management design „ LFG management design „ Landfill closure and post-closure design „ Deep well injection design „ Stormwater management design „ Landfill infrastructure design „ Wetlands design „ Containment systems design „ Composting facility design „ Remedial design „ Surface water management system design „ Liner design „ Soild and hazardous waste cap design „ Liquid waste design

Containment System Design z Earthwork z Compacted fill z Subdrainage z Reinforced earth fills z Soil screening and processing z Slurry walls

z Low permeability soil layers z Borrow source evaluation z Compacted clay liner z Landfill final cover z Clay processing z Soil/bentonite blending z Geosynthetics z Geomembranes (HDPE, PVC, PPE, VFPE) z Geotextiles (woven, non-woven) z Geocomposites (geonet and geotextile) z Geogrids z Erosion control fabrics

„ Transfer station design „ Ancillary facilities design

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LEACHATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DESIGN As leachate management costs increase and publicly owned

Leachate Recirculation Properly managed leachate recirculation and reuse can significantly reduce leachate disposal costs and enhance LFG production. Recirculation volumes must be balanced with the waste-adsorption capacity and associated operational challenges. Evaluation of current waste volumes, precipitation, gas collection-system performance and historical recirculation practices help identify acceptable recirculation rates for your facility. Leachate Minimization Leachate minimization can lower treatment and disposal costs, and reduce liability. To identify minimization opportunities, WSP can evaluate the leachate collection system and facility generation rates to identify areas with excessive production. Site conditions such as filling sequence, waste volume, design and climate are then evaluated to help us create a best fit minimization plan. Leachate minimization solutions may include: „ Alternative cover materials. „ Temporary and intermediate cover systems. „ Stormwater diversions. „ Changes to working face geometry. „ Design and construction techniques. „ Evaluation of special waste acceptance.

Regulatory Support We understand the importance of regulatory compliance and can navigate the regulatory process, prepare permit applications, and negotiate with regulatory agencies to ensure the project is on track. We also identify regulatory options that reduce or eliminate on-site treatment requirements. To provide technical support for discharge to POTWs, we can: „ Conduct odor studies to determine if leachate discharge to the sewer system is causing odor issues. „ Perform headwork analysis and mass-balance calculations to evaluate the effect of metals in leachate discharge or meet National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit limits and sludge quality impacts.

treatment works (POTWs) restrict or prohibit leachate discharge, the evaluation and implementation of cost-effective solutions are becoming even more important to landfill operations. WSP provides comprehensive leachate management services from minimization, recirculation and alternate technologies, including active and passive treatment. Treatment Options Site conditions and the variable nature of leachate require a site-specific approach for treatment alternatives that may be physical, chemical, biological, or a combination. WSP uses bench-scale treatability testing of site-specific leachate samples to support alternatives analysis and the design process. Our experience with treatment projects includes all aspects from conceptual design to construction and plant operations. Treatment projects include a wide range of process operations, such as: „ Evaporation. „ Passive biological and wetland treatment. „ Active biological treatment. „ Reverse osmosis and other membrane processes. „ Conventional and advanced oxidation. „ Ion exchange and adsorption. „ Chemical precipitation. „ Air stripping.

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Solid Waste Services

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LANDFILL GAS ASSESSMENT AND DESIGN

GCCS Design & Air Permitting To support our OM&M services, WSP offers a broad range of additional LFG experience including the assessment of existing GCCSs for performance improvement, the design of new passive and active GCCSs, assessment and design of LFG to-energy projects, and the review of gas generation modeling and resource assessments. Other LFG related services include CQA for GCCS construction projects, LFG permitting and compliance (Title V permitting and reporting), toxics modeling and LFG migration assessment.

LFG poses unique challenges that can significantly impact human health and the environment. Our waste services team includes engineers and geoscientists with expertise in LFG generation, engineering design, planning, permitting and economic evaluation. Throughout the country and beyond, we provide our clients with expertise and sound advice in all facets of the waste management industry. We develop services, programs and cutting edge methods to assess LFG management programs and energy generation systems for our clients. WSP offers design, CQA and operations and maintenance (O&M) services related to LFG extraction systems repair and modification as well as condensate control systems. Providing proper operations, maintenance and monitoring (OM&M) services for LFG management systems is critical for odor control and to prevent potentially hazardous off-site migration of LFG. To ensure compliance with local, state, provincial and federal regulatory standards, and to protect the owner’s capital investment in LFG-to-energy systems, our experienced engineers, scientists and field personnel create and implement quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) plans for LFG system design, construction management and OM&M.

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Solid Waste Services

SEM Support WSP currently supports clients in conducting regular SEMs at landfills throughout the country. For each sampling event, qualified WSP technicians traverse the covered landfill surface on foot along a site specific pattern. An INFICON IRwin detector meeting Method 21 compliance requirements is used to measure methane concentrations at surface level along the walking path and at landfill penetrations.

Areas of Expertise „ Title V permitting

„ Design of new LFG management systems (passive and active) „ Assessment of older systems for upgrade/replacement to comply with updated regulations „ LFG to energy project assessment and design „ Gas generation modeling and resource assessments „ LFG permitting and compliance „ Permitting and air toxics modeling „ Compliance monitoring and reporting „ Subtitle D permitting and compliance „ LFG migration assessments „ Methane migration emergency response „ Incorporation of proven new technologies and innovations to increase efficiency of facility LFG management programs

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At present, WSP is one of a dozen geosynthetic laboratories in the world.

LABORATORY TESTING (SOILS AND GEOSYNTHETICS)

WSP has accredited laboratories nationally that test materials such as soils, sands, aggregates, concrete, cement and geosynthetics, which includes geomembranes, geotextiles, geonets, geocomposites, geogrids, and geosynthetic clay liners. WSP’s laboratories maintains accreditations from the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Material Reference Laboratory (AASHTO re:source). We are approved by USACE to perform soil and aggregate tests. We are also approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to handle foreign soil for laboratory analysis. The Geosynthetic Accreditation Institute (GSI), a division of GSI (an independent auditing firm) has accredited our laboratory. The accreditation is approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and USACE as the accrediting organization, in regard to geosynthetic testing. The geosynthetic laboratory provides the mechanical and physical testing of seamed and unseamed geomembrane, geotextile, geonet, geocomposite, geogrid, and GCL materials. We maintain a developmental role in testing standards and procedures and are able to keep abreast of the rapid changes that occur in the industry by being active members in the American Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee D35 on Geosynthetics, ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, GSI, Geosynthetic Materials Association of ATA, ASTM Committee C04 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregate, and International Organization for Standerization Technical Committee (ISO/TC) 221 Geosynthetics. Our materials testing laboratory quality control program is designed to provide a series of assessments and evaluations throughout the testing process. The various procedures, which we employ in our program, include independent audits, equipment calibrations, laboratory conditions, quality control testing, testing procedures, and data review.

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Solid Waste Services

“We are pleased to announce that Henry Mock (WSP) has been elected to serve as the consultant group representative on the Geosynthetic Institute’s Board of Advisors. Henry’s 3-year term begins now and will end in December, 2026. We look forward to working with Henry and express our sincere congratulations.” George R. Koerner Geosynthetic Institute

2,700+ Projects Involving Geosynthetic Material

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Solid Waste Services

CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY CONTROL AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Comprehensive Services „ Earthworks, concrete, asphalt, geosynthetic and mechanical field testing and observation „ Laboratory testing services „ Construction documentation „ Computerized project database tracking of construction „ Construction certification report CM Services „ Conceptual project planning „ Project risk analysis „ Regulatory strategies „ Constructability review „ Bid package and contract preparation and negotiation „ Contractor pre-qualification „ Project scheduling „ Contract administration „ Resident construction management „ Payment reconciliation and approval „ Change order and claims processing „ Project completion and acceptance „ Project certification

WSP is experienced in planning all steps of a project — from conceptualization through construction, utilization and decommissioning — while providing the most efficient and cost-effective tools to meet the challenges of today’s construction environment. We are a leading provider in CQA and CM services for soil and geosynthetic lined containment systems in the landfill and mining industries. Additionally, we expertly serve dams, food processing facilities, reclamation, civil, transportation, oil and gas, and environmental construction projects. With more than 100 experienced monitoring personnel, we are one of the largest solid waste CQA/QC and CM organizations providing services around the world, including the installation of more than 100 million square feet of geosynthetics. Laboratory Accreditation WSP’s laboratories maintain certifications from AASHTO and USACE, which are the most stringent in the industry. As part of holding these certifications, our laboratory, equipment, quality manual and procedures are periodically audited and evaluated by AASHTO, Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory (CCRL), and USACE.

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CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE Through our diverse and extensive engineering experience, WSP understands unique environmental and business challenges, which help us determine the right balance of social, economic and environmental solutions to help meet regulatory requirements for closing landfill facilities. Uncontrolled landfills can cause gas emissions, poor air quality, ground and surface water pollution and other environmental impacts. WSP can help waste management facilities develop practical, cost-effective solutions to optimize resources and meet regulatory requirements. Mitigating Risks Risk-based assessments help identify and quantify uncertainties that negatively impact the selected closure option. Developing a comprehensive risk management strategy that ranks and evaluates potential dangers is key in performance measures such as cost, schedule and available materials. Closure Design Identifying challenges that must be addressed for a properly engineered closure design helps us develop cost-effective options. With minimal long-term maintenance, we can design final cover systems for landfills that include gas control, leachate natural soil covers such as compacted clay and evapotranspiration covers and geosynthetic covers including exposed geomembrane, geosynthetic clay liner and geomembrane. Post-Closure Land Use Careful consideration must also be given to the intended end use and, by working together, we can find solutions for a variety of options. Successful post-closure conversion projects include converting land to open space, recreational facilities or sports complexes, commercial and industrial development sites and solar farms. management, and stormwater control. We have designed and provided CQA for

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Solid Waste Services

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ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

The world is increasingly focused on sustainable ecosystems, energy efficiencies, resource management, climate change, sustainable practices and supply chains, and health and safety. WSP employs comprehensive, integrated capabilities to help our waste management clients and communities address these complex environmental challenges and implement lasting solutions for a cleaner, healthier, more resilient future. WSP provides a full suite of environmental services to our waste management clients. We bring a future-focused approach, innovative planning and design, deep knowledge of the regulatory environment, and an understanding of alternative funding and delivery mechanisms to help clients identify the right waste management solutions. We transcend the traditional client-consultant relationship and serve as valued strategic advisors, providing our clients with a clear line of sight to their goals.

Our focus is to continue meeting your expectations and remaining part of your project team. By continuing to develop our good relationship, we can better understand your needs and the specific challenges you face in your operations. It is this understanding that enables us to develop practical outcome-based solutions.

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Environmental Services

Capabilities „ Environmental management and compliance „ Environmental assessments „ Wetlands „ Environmental justice „ Permitting and compliance „ Due diligence „ Environmental health and safety

„ Investigations „ Remediation planning and oversight „ Feasibility studies „ Ecological risk assessments „ Resilience and substainability „ O&M „ Industrial hygiene and hazardous materials

„ Aboveground and underground tanks „ Air permitting and compliance „ Emerging contaminants „ Stormwater management „ Waste management

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND COMPLIANCE Managing environmental risks and maintaining compliance in an everchanging regulatory maze is a demanding job and compounds the complexities already involved in successfully running your organization. WSP assists in the assessment and management of operational, regulatory and reputational risks through our compliance support and audits, program development, training, implementation and delivery support. In alignment with our clients’ programmatic objectives, we manage risk within their operations, mitigate environmental obligations and help plan for the future. WSP creates simple and sustainable compliance programs, providing services that range from corporate-level environmental program development and organization-wide audits to facility-level compliance assistance, reporting and training. We work with our clients to evaluate, manage and reduce environmental, health and safety risks so they can focus on the success of their operations.

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Environmental Services

Creating strategies that reduce risk.

Areas of Expertise „ Environmental compliance – monitoring, inspections, permitting and reporting „ Environmental management system program design, development and improvement „ Environmental and safety management system audits „ Environmental, health and safety regulatory compliance audits „ Health and safety/industrial hygiene „ Waste management support

„ Hazardous materials regulatory advice, training programs, transportation management systems, and third-party compliance audits „ Integrated contingency plans „ Emergency planning and community right to know support „ Underground and above ground storage tank management „ Spill prevention, control and countermeasures (SPCC) plans

„ Wastewater discharge permitting „ NPDES program support „ Stormwater pollution prevention plans „ Stormwater inspections and monitoring „ Air emissions permitting „ Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) management „ Sustainability strategy support and sustainability reporting „ Environmental and social governance

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS WSP personnel have been conducting environmental site assessments (ESAs) since the inception of this type of assessment, both regionally and nationally. ESAs are performed in accordance with the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and the All Appropriate Inquiry rule issued by EPA and state agencies Site Characterization Guidance document. Our team of engineers and scientists includes world class experts in the assessment and remediation of contaminated soils, groundwater and surface water.

Contamination Assessments If it is determined that contamination is present, an additional sampling effort, such as a Phase III ESA, may be conducted to assess the extent of contamination. Contamination assessments are conducted to more completely identify the source, nature, character, and extent of contamination. WSP would then make recommendations as to the technical and economic feasibility of remedial (cleanup) alternatives. We have the resources available to implement a risk based cleanup and confirmatory testing and post-cleanup monitoring. Remediation WSP’s experience relates to a wide array of remediation activities and technologies such as the installation and operation of in-situ remediation systems for soil excavation and source removal, containment and capping systems, and long-term monitoring programs. Our project managers have decades of experience in site characterization, pathway evaluation, feasibility studies, and corrective action implementation.

Our staff has completed numerous ESAs including Phases I, II, and III; Preliminary Contamination Assessment Reports; Contamination Assessment Reports; and Remedial Action Plans (RAPs). WSP offers a wide range of services that will provide the information necessary to effectively evaluate potential environmental risks. Phase I and II ESAs WSP’s ESAs are conducted in general accordance with provisions of ASTM standards which identifies a typical level of care, limitations and purposes of such assessments. Work completed during a Phase I ESA is primarily intended to evaluate whether current or past land use may have potentially affected soil, surface water and/or ground water quality as well as identify whether a site has been potentially affected by the surrounding property activities. Phase II investigation strategies are developed based upon the results of a Phase I ESA, and can be used to evaluate the possible effects of a known release or to evaluate for a possible release. A Phase II typically involves collecting and analyzing samples to evaluate if the media have been impacted by contamination. Results of the Phase I ESA will be used to identify analytical parameters and sampling strategies for an assessment. Analytical parameter groups are typically fairly broad and intended to investigate several different types of contamination.

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Environmental Services

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Areas of Expertise „ Water supply feasibility analysis „ Subsurface investigation to delineate shallow aquifers „ Surface and borehole geophysics to delineate well targets „ Geologic mapping „ Grain size analysis and well-screen design „ Drilling supervision and hydrogeologic logging „ Well rehabilitation and development „ Permitting for construction and withdrawal „ Operational system testing „ Hydrogeologic research and Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping „ Hydrogeologic-impact assessment „ Sensitive receptor survey „ Wetland hydrology studies „ Groundwater and surface water modeling „ Stormwater drainage analysis and modeling „ Design plans and specifications for water well, pump, storage and distribution „ Water system inspection and performance evaluation „ Well performance and safe yield testing „ Construction permitting, supervision and inspection „ Bid-procurement documents and subcontracting „ Flood impact analysis and mitigation „ Design and monitoring of erosion and sedimentation controls

HYDROGEOLOGY WSP offers comprehensive consulting services in every facet of hydrogeology. Our areas of expertise include hydrogeologic and groundwater resource assessments, environmental investigations, numerical groundwater flow, and contaminant fate and transport modeling. We have specialized expertise in assessing construction dewatering projects and developing innovative water management approaches. Our team continues to maintain state-of-the-art capabilities to accurately and cost effectively characterize contaminated sites, especially those that have a complicated groundwater component. We have extensive experience in conducting contaminant investigations in unconsolidated soil and bedrock environments and at sites where groundwater and surface water interact.

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Environmental Services

Our hydrogeologists apply scientific knowledge and analysis to understand groundwater-related issues, including assessing the quantity, quality and availability of groundwater.

Key Hydrogeological Services „ Desk Studies - collating and interpreting information on groundwater resources, pollution risks, dewatering requirements and other factors. „ Site Investigations and Monitoring - field investigations such as borehole drilling, permeability tests and long term groundwater monitoring; and planning and implementing investigations in a wide range of hydrogeological conditions. „ Hydrogeological Risk Assessments - assessing the impact on groundwater resulting using risk-based tools. WSP has developed several groundwater risk modeling tools for regulatory applications. „ Groundwater Modeling - conceptual and numerical groundwater modeling both in porous and fractured media, using software such as FracMan, MODFLOW and FEFLOW.

„ Groundwater Control - investigating, designing and implementing cost-effective dewatering and groundwater control measures. „ Groundwater Remediation - assessing groundwater that has been contaminated by pollution incidents and industrial activities with the most up-to-date and effective remediation technologies available, and we can carry out the complete remediation process from beginning to end. „ Environmental Impact Assessment - licensing and permitting by regulatory authorities and requirements from funders to demonstrate a neutral impact on the environment. „ Environmental Permitting and Licensing - obtaining consents and ensuring compliance for potential impact existing groundwater conditions.

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GROUNDWATER MONITORING, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND COMPLIANCE WSP has extensive experience in groundwater monitoring and understands the variety of challenges faced with respect to waste managment activities and today’s environmental concerns. We have conducted groundwater monitoring programs, and collected and analyzed thousands of surface water and groundwater samples for U.S. clients. We have hands-on experience and use trusted methods, along with state-of-the art technology, in locating and developing reliable groundwater sources and assisting our clients through the often complex permitting process.

Groundwater monitoring wells are used to: „ Monitor groundwater levels and flow conditions. „ Obtain samples to determine groundwater quality. „ Evaluate the hydraulic properties of water-bearing strata. Our expertise includes large regional resource studies, modeling, and developing sustainable, efficient groundwater supplies that are protected from contamination and minimize impacts on ecological resources. This in-depth experience with groundwater modeling allows us to foresee construction and permitting challenges earlier, saving our clients time and money. We also can assist with optimizing operation of water systems for energy savings, water quality improvement, source selection, or other unique system goals.

Areas of Expertise „ Monitoring well installation

„ Water quality monitoring and analyses „ Groundwater program management (sampling and reporting) „ Statistical analysis of groundwater quality data „ Groundwater and aquifer modeling „ Physical and chemical hydrogeologic site characterizations (aquifer testing and soil sampling) „ Characterizing the nature and extent of impacts „ Geochemical fingerprinting/geochemical modeling „ Contaminant and corrective measures assessments „ Alternate source demonstrations „ Remedial investigations/feasibility studies, design, action implementation and O&M.

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Environmental Services

Our Groundwater Plume Analytics® tools take simple or complex numerical data sets and process them into meaningful and easy-to-understand graphical data outputs (i.e., analytics). These innovative and proprietary methodologies have been used by governmental agencies and industrial clients to better understand groundwater plume behavior. Benefits „ Enhanced project management and strategic planning „ Basis for termination of remediation systems „ Basis for monitored natural attenuation (MNA) „ Monitor progress of remediation systems „ Highlights contaminant sources and potential co-mingling „ Foundation for groundwater monitoring optimization

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GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING OM&M is often a substantial portion of overall cost to bring a site to closure with innovative, effective and efficient approaches to reduce these long-term costs. WSP is focused on bringing sites to closure and reducing long term remediation costs. The primary source of long-term cost to clients is remediation of groundwater using active or passive systems, and the associated monitoring for compliance with regulatory requirements. We use a comprehensive, multi-tiered approach to improve the operation of remedial systems and reduce costs via process optimization, regulatory negotiations and supply management. Our projects have ranged in size from major refineries, manufacturing plants, chemical plants, landfills and mines down to small dry cleaner and leaking underground storage tank sites. Key Services „ Long-term monitoring (LTM), data management and reporting „ Treatment system operation (on-site or remote) with licensed operators for active pump and treat systems, dual phase extraction systems, soil vapor systems and enhanced biological systems

„ Remedial process optimization (RPO) „ Bundled site supplier management „ Technology reviews, rebound evaluations and negotiated early system shutdowns

Areas of Expertise „ Optimizing LTM programs

„ Optimizing rates for plume capture „ Applying alternative technologies „ Seeking technical impracticality waivers when appropriate „ Using electronic tools/data management systems „ Conducting critical RPO reviews „ Providing incentives for contract operators to decrease annual costs and optimize remediation activity

„ Negotiating more favorable cleanup levels through fate and transport modeling and risk assessment

„ Utilizing procurement strategies „ Automating treatment functions

„ Improving treatment system chemistry „ Eliminating unnecessary processes „ Advocating source control measures to accelerate cleanup

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Environmental Services

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PER- AND POLY-FLUOROALKY SUBSTANCES

Discoverying new efficient ways to resolve the environmental challenges of our era is exactly where WSP thrives. Our team of professionals have been addressing pre- and poly-fluoralky substances (PFAS) impacts since the days when this class of contaminants was still unknown to many. Today, we continue to lead the way with practical, innovative approaches and ground-breaking technologies to help clients overcome the challenges posed by PFAS. Our proven track record in managing PFAS is evidenced by our success in a multitude of projects involving firefighting foams and PFAS use as surfactants, coating materials, mist suppressants, and more. Our in-depth

understanding of the challenges and expertise in this field brings valuable insight to your projects, making us a trusted partner for solving PFAS-related issues. Our national PFAS Practice Area Network is a premier resource for PFAS-related challenges and consists of over 100 subject matter experts. This network is the foundation for collaboration, innovation, and the sharing of best practices and the latest developments in the scientific and regulatory landscape. With this network as a cornerstone, we have the capability to address local PFAS problems with a national perspective and innovative. solutions.

Future Ready integrated approach to manage and remove PFAS liability

PLAN

DESIGN

BUILD

OPERATE DECOMISSION REPURPOSE

Strategic Planning

Permitting Support

Mitigation Management

Remediation & Clean-Up

„ Tracking/monitoring legislation „ PFAS program development „ Corporate training „ Policy studies „ Desktop site portfolio screening „ Product stewardship „ Due diligence „ Merger/acquisition strategy „ Litigation support

„ Site and portfolio screening „ Permitting and compliance „ Soil and groundwater management „ Wastewater, industrial effluents and leachate management „ Treatment „ Disposal „ Beneficial reuse evaluation

„ Vulnerability assessments „ Use/alternatives evaluation „ Product (AFFF) transition planning, cleaning, replacement „ Supply chain evaluation „ Modelling (air, water) „ Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS)/industrial hygiene „ Climate risk evaluation for PFAS contaminated sites

„ Investigation „ Source evaluations

„ Plume stability assessment „ Risk assessment/toxicology „ Remediation and treatment „ Stormwater management

„ Waste disposal „ Interim actions „ Asset retirement

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Environmental Services

Our experts have been collaborating with academia and industrial partners to find the most effective solutions to challenges presented by PFAS. Our active applied research and development activities include electro-oxidation (EO) destruction of PFAS in groundwater, industrial and other PFAS-containing aqueous waste streams; ball milling destruction of PFAS in soil; and modified clay mineral mediated in-situ and ex-situ treatment in all environmental media.

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Environmental Services

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AND DESIGN

Industries and Markets „ Landfills and transfer stations „ Transportation „ Municipalities „ Commercial property management „ Ports „ Construction „ Industrial „ Mining „ Utilities „ Forestry and agriculture „ Oil and gas Permitting and Regulatory Compliance Our environmental experts are familiar with federal, state, and local stormwater laws and regulations, including NPDES permitting procedures as required by the Clean Water Act (CWA). By working with regulators, WSP has helped clients achieve compliance and cost-effectively manage their stormwater runoff. Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling WSP has ample experience conducting hydrologic analyses of drainage systems. Our experts can design solutions to manage identified stormwater concerns related to both quality and quantity. We also have extensive computer-aided design (CAD) and geographic information system (GIS) capabilities, and routinely integrate these technologies into our modeling studies.

For more than 60 years, WSP has been helping our clients manage, control and treat stormwater. A more aggressive focus is being placed by the public and regulators on improving the quality of stormwater discharged from urban landscapes, construction sites and industrial facilities. With this focus, many businesses must face the challenge of implementing cost-effective measures to mitigate the entry of pollutants such as total suspended solids, oil and grease, and metals into stormwater. By combining technical expertise with an understanding of client needs, we have successfully worked with businesses to find and implement cost-effective and sustainable solutions. Our environmental experts can work with regulatory agencies to address stormwater compliance issues; navigate the complex stormwater permitting process; develop stormwater sampling plans that are representative of the site’s stormwater discharge; determine appropriate best management practices (BMPs); and, where necessary, develop cost-effective treatment strategies designed to keep you in compliance. Stormwater Management „ Permitting and regulatory compliance „ Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) „ Pollution source control, BMP implementation, passive and active stormwater treatment „ Conveyance design „ Hydrologic and hydraulic modeling „ Stormwater monitoring programs „ Erosion and sediment control „ Litigation support

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WETLANDS For years, the science of identifying, delineating and restoring wetlands has progressed in tandem with the increasing emphasis on environmental regulations. At the federal level, USACE has driven the conservation of wetlands with specific delineation and size requirements that vary both geographically and by wetland type. WSP guides our clients through these requirements with experienced wetland staff that can respond to a full range of tasks. We provide consulting support for water resources planning and compliance with the CWA. We are experienced with the development and implementation of mitigation for wetland delineations. Our staff develops and implements habitat restoration plans; conducts water quality testing and monitoring; provides surface and groundwater consulting services; and obtains CWA Section 404 permits and CWA Section 401. Additionally, we are familiar with the accepted methodologies for modeling and evaluating project impacts to provide support on an as-needed basis. Our parallel risk assessment services add value to the decision making process in determining the appropriate level of remedial effort necessary to mitigate risks to ecologica eptors and communities while satisfying regulatory requirements.

Our experienced and dedicated staff can anticipate and minimize potential problems, which avoids project delays and cost overruns. Additionally, we can provide rapid or emergency response to issues arising at a project site. AREAS OF EXPERTISE „ Restoration, protection and preservation „ Design and construction „ Mitigation „ Maintenance „ Investigations and assessments „ Remediation „ Landfill redevelopment „ Permitting and applications at the local, state and federal levels

„ Monitoring „ Habitat receptor characterization „ Erosion control plans „ Ecological risk and/or impact assessment

„ Function and value assessment „ Endangered species surveys „ Revegetation and planting „ Community involvement and public meeting support

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Environmental Services

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Digital Solutions

DIGITAL SOLUTIONS WSP is at the forefront of integrated digital solutions.

We have been supporting our clients for decades in achieving their business objectives through the application and development of digital tools in conjunction with engineering and environmental services. Our experience designing client’s physical assets enables us to understand the context and meaning of their data. We understand your challenges, know how digital tools and data can be used, and apply the information in innovative ways to generate successful outcomes.

We can help you to navigate your digital transformation journey, from solving complex problems and bringing insights from data, to optimizing operations through digitization. Not only do we help manage your data, we also support your broader objectives – such as expediting decarbonization, enhancing customer experience and improving operational excellence.

We provide end-to-end digital services from advisory, design, integration and implementation through to operations, maintenance and analytics. Our holistic and innovative advisors, engineers and technologists deliver unique solutions, which combine deep technological expertise with subject matter knowledge throughout WSP.

Areas of Expertise „ Assessment „ Implementation „ System integration „ Legacy data migration „ Sustainment „ Deep domain experience with access to our in-house EHS, quality and risk consulting resources „ Enhanced customer experience including increased agility; informed decision making; uncovered operational insights; and supported safety and security.

„ Improved operational excellence including driven efficiencies; improved productivity; improved resource management; reduced costs; informed decision making, uncovered operational insights, managed risk and reputation; enhanced visibility; facilitated collaboration; and increased speed to market. „ Expedited decarbonization including managed ESG data; supported reporting; met regulatory requirements; delivered shareholder value; delivered COP26; and race to net zero.

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Underground Injection Control

UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL

Deep Injection Wells Deep injection wells provide an environmentally responsible way of disposing of waste products from waste operations in underground geological formations. These materials include chemicals from various manufacturing processes, acid gases extracted from natural gas during processing, and carbon dioxide captured at the production source and buried to keep it from entering the atmosphere. WSP professionals have either prepared or made technical assessments on Underground Infection Control (UIC)-related permit applications or “No-Migration” petitions for wells in all EPA regions, participating in the development of one-third of all Class I hazardous WSP provides a wide range of services for traditional reservoir storage (or disposal) in sandstones, limestones, conglomerates, or other types of porous media. Liquid waste byproducts and carbon capture and storage (CCS) operators are both involved in the management of waste streams. Our engineers and geologists are well trained for most types of disposal projects nationwide. We hold a major share of the U.S. market in specialty deep well engineering for underground gas storage and became the market leader for injection well waste disposal engineering (EPA UIC Class I and Class II). Our services have grown to include reservoir disposal of acid gas (CO2/H2S, Class II) and similarly designed Carbon Capture (CO 2 , Class VI) wells. Workovers and Well Testing Injection/disposal wells (EPA UIC Class I, II, VI) require regular maintenance and testing to ensure integrity for continued operations. Most of these types of wells are regulated today by either the federal government and/or by states. In addition to regulatory compliance, it is not unusual for wells to have operational issues that need to be addressed with workovers or repairs like tubing cleanouts or replacements. With WSP’s team of engineers, project managers, testing engineers, and supporting departments, we are readily equipped to handle projects of all sizes. The majority of our staff has 10-30 years of experience, with key support from certified project management professionals and professional engineers. This level of expertise allows our team to meet client needs, deliver projects across the U.S., and support even the largest of programs. well petition applications. Storage or Disposal

WSP geotechnical engineers are established specialists in geotechnical engineering, hydrology, geology, geophysics, seismology, and rock mechanics. Beyond the technical expertise, our staff recognizes that geotechnical services begin with project planning and design and extends into the construction phase. We maintain a full-service, automated soils laboratory and specialized geotechnical exploration tools. These resources allow us to utilize a greater number of tools to evaluate sites and develop more cost-effective solutions. Through WSP’s state-of the-art exploratory techniques, our professionals determine the behavior of soil, rock, and water as they are affected by natural phenomena and construction activities.

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