WSP Concrete Forensic and Materials Investigation SOQ

Concrete Forensic and Materials

Investigation Services

Statement of Qualification

WSP AT A GLANCE

15,500+ Professionals who successfully support major infrastructure and development projects throughout the U.S.

750+ Materials Engineering, Testing and Quality Management specialists in North America.

5,000+ Inpection services and materials testing projects which WSP has performed throughout the country and the world.

252+ Offices throughout the U.S.

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Concrete Forensic and Materials Investigation Services

FirmOverview | SOQ

FIRM OVERVIEW

WSP USA Inc. (WSP) is a globally recognized profes sional services firm. Our talented experts are well po sitioned to deliver successful and sustainable projects, wherever our clients need us. From our earliest roots in the U.S. more than 130 years ago, to our vast inter national presence today, WSP has enjoyed continuous growth and expansion. Each step has enabled us to better fulfill our purpose of preparing our communities and environments for the future. Throughout the country, WSP’s earth and environment practice has a large, dedicated materials inspection and testing services group to assist with the assess ment of concrete and cement-based products, asphalt paving, aggregates, structural steel, coatings, timber, and composites to support the investigations and de sign of a variety of engineering disciplines. WSP offers a complete array of services required during construction and post-construction, including special inspections and non-destructive testing (NDT). Our specialists conduct soil and footing inspections, reinforcing steel inspection, concrete testing with certified staff and laboratory facilities, structural steel inspection and shoring inspection. WSP is qualified and certified to conduct the necessary testing associ ated with geotechnical investigations of the physical/ mechanical properties and characteristic behaviors of surface and subsurface earth materials. Notable projects include assessment of deterioration, corrosion, chemical attack, and failure of structures. A large part of our work relates to the assessment and rehabilitation of existing structures and the effective use of new and existing materials to achieve durability and extended service life.

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FIRM QUALIFICATIONS

CONCRETE FORENSIC AND MATERIALS INVESTIGATION SERVICES Concrete distress can be initiated by many dis tress mechanisms. Often the corrosion of the re inforcing steel and visible spalling of the concrete is a secondary condition and not the original cause of the distress. To develop a cost-effective rehabilitation program that meets your clients’ needs, budget, and expected design life, the initial cause of the observed distress needs to be determined as well as the current physical and chemical composition of the concrete. WSP uses this information to develop plans and specifica tions for the rehabilitation of the deteriorated cracked concrete.

Materials Investigation typically involves several phases:

z Observations z Field analysis and testing

z Laboratory testing and analysis z Evaluation z Conclusions and Recommendations

(destructive and/or non-destructive testing)

z Sampling

5,000+ Materials Investigation Projects

75+ Years of Materials Engineering Experience

130 Years in Business

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Concrete Forensic and Materials Investigation Services

FirmQualifications | SOQ

WSP uses state of the art methods and equipment to evaluate the cause and extent of concrete distress. Our results are used by structural engineers to aid in their design of repairs and retrofits.

Approach During a typical materials investigation, WSP makes visual observations of the existing condi tions. This may include photographic documen tation, personnel interviews, and review of plans, specifications, and existing documents/records. Locations for in-place testing are selected and ap propriate samples are taken for laboratory testing and analysis. Based on the results of such tests and observations, WSP’s engineers perform detailed evaluations and provide reports with the necessary conclusions and appropriate recommendations for materials related issues. Some concrete distress is readily visible, often the original cause of the distress is not so readily ap parent. WSP uses state of the art non-destructive testing equipment and techniques to evaluate con crete structures. Concrete distress can be initiated by many distress mechanisms. Often the corrosion of the reinforcing steel and visible spalling of the concrete is a secondary condition and not the orig inal cause of the distress. To develop a cost-effective rehabilitation program that meets your clients’ needs, budget, and ex pected design life, the initial cause of the observed distress needs to be determined as well as the current physical and chemical composition of the concrete. WSP uses this information to develop plans and specifications for the rehabilitation of the deteriorated cracked concrete.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SERVICES z Independent Third-Party Inspection z Concrete Materials Engineering and Testing z Pile Driving Analyzer, Pile Integrity Testing z Pressure Meter Testing z Shoring Inspection and Monitoring z Load Testing z Structural Steel Inspection z Corrosion Assessment and Prevention z Water Infrastructure z Aggregate and Rock Resource Evaluation z Quality Management Systems z Physical Metallurgy

For San Francisco’s Dumbarton Bridge, WSP used Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to locate couplers and evaluate the layout of reinforcing steel.

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75+ Years of Materials Engineering Experience

5,000+ Materials Investigation Projects

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF CONCRETE

Concrete damage (damage from acid attack, fires, im pact, etc.) and failures (concrete material failures, con struction defects, coating failures, etc.) can seriously affect or even shut down operations. WSP’s non-destructive testing services can be utilized to rapidly assess dam age and inspect repairs so that operations are up and running as soon as possible, saving time and money.

CONCRETE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE

Non-destructive testing can minimize or eliminate the need for costly and time-consuming destructive testing. CONCRETE STRUCTURE EVALUATION Non-destructive testing can be used to evaluate structures and provide information necessary to perform repairs to ensure that the structure will function for its expected design life. CONCRETE DEEP FOUNDATIONS Non-destructive testing can evaluate the integrity of deep foundations without costly excavations.

WSP’s non-destructive testing services are rou tinely used to evaluate concrete structures and pavements to obtain information including: z General condition of the concrete z Presence of internal and non-visible voids, discontinuities, and cracks z Areas of non-uniformity z Assess damage from external sources such as fires and acid attack z Locate reinforcing steel and tendons

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Concrete Forensic and Materials Investigation Services

FirmQualifications | SOQ

NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS

IMPACT ECHO Determines the thickness of concrete and location and extent of internal defects such as cracks, voids, delaminations, and honeycombing. This method is able to detect even relatively small defects. SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SURFACE WAVES Develops a profile of the concrete identifying area of distress and delaminations. PENETRATING RADAR Located embedded items in the concrete and detects internal structure changes such as deterioration, cracks, voids, delaminations, and honeycombing. ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY Detects internal structure changes such as deterioration, cracks, voids, delaminations, and honeycombing. PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC SHEAR WAVE TOMOGRAPHY Detects Internal discontinuities and develops images of subsurface defects. HALF-CELL POTENTIAL Measures the electrode potential of reinforcing steel to evaluate the potential and probability of corrosion of embedded reinforcing steel. MAGNETIC AND ELECTRICAL METHOD Locates reinforcing steel and cables, and evaluates the moisture content of hardened concrete.

RADIOACTIVE / RADIATION METHODS Evaluates the density and moisture content of hardened concrete. WINDSOR PROBE Measures penetration resistance (can be related to hardness and strength). REBOUND HAMMER Measures surface hardness and delineate areas with relatively higher or lower surface hardness. LOW STRAIN ENERGY TESTING FOR DEEP FOUNDATIONS Utilizes the Pulse Echo Method and the Transient Response Method and is performed in accordance with ASTM D5882- Standard Test Method for Low Strain Impact Integrity Testing of Deep Foundations. In this test, a stress wave is generated and the reflections from defects, non uniform areas, and pile bottom are monitored. This method utilizes ultrasonic pulses to assess the integrity and relative quality of the deep foundations and is performed in accordance with ASTM D6760, Standard Test Method for Integrity Testing of Concrete Deep Foundations by Ultrasonic Crosshole Testing. CROSSHOLE SONIC LOGGING FOR DEEP FOUNDATIONS

INSPECTION SERVICES AND MATERIALS TESTING WSP offers a complete array of services required during construction and post-construction, including special inspections and non destructive testing (NDT). Our specialists perform required tests and inspections related to: z Soil z Geosynthetic

z Concrete z Masonry z Foundations

z Reinforcing steel z Structural steel z Fireproofing z Post-tensioning z Roofing z Waterproofing z Pavement Systems z Building envelope components

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CONCRETE CORE SAMPLING AND LABORATORY ANALYSIS WSP has accredited laboratories globally that test materials such as soils, sands, aggregates, con crete, cement and geosynthetics which includes geomembranes, geotextiles, geonets, geocompos ites, geogrids, and geosynthetic clay liners. WSP’s laboratories maintains accreditations from the American Association of State Highway Transporta tion Officials (AASHTO) Material Reference Labo ratory (AMRL). We are approved by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to perform soil and aggregate tests. We are also approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to handle foreign soil for laboratory analysis. and the USACE as the accrediting organization, in regard to geosynthetic testing. The geosynthetic laboratory provides the mechanical and physical testing of seamed and unseamed geomembrane, geotextile, geonet, geocomposite, geogrid, and geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials. We maintain a developmental role in testing stan dards and procedures and are able to keep abreast of the rapid changes that occur in the industry by being active members in ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics, ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, Geosynthetics Institute (GSI), Geosynthetic Materials Association (GMA) of ATA, ASTM Commit tee C04 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregate, and ISO/TC 221 Geosynthetics.

WSP routinely obtains samples form concrete constructions. Our sampling operations are over seen by Professional Engineers. Sample locations are chosen, samples are obtained, and sample locations are repaired without compromise to the integrity of the structure. The Geosynthetic Accreditation Institute, a division of GSI (an independent auditing firm) has accred ited our laboratory. The Accreditation is approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Our materials testing laboratory quality control program is designed to provide a series of assess ments and evaluations throughout the testing process. The various procedures, which we em ploy in our program, includes independent audits, equipment calibrations, laboratory conditions, quality control testing, testing procedures, and data review.

30+ Years Testing Concrete Based Products

2,700+ Projects Involving Concrete Core Sampling

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Concrete Forensic and Materials Investigation Services

FirmQualifications | SOQ

PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

WSP’s petrographic services are used to assess material quality, evaluate the cause of failure or distress, predict future perfor mance, and evaluate whether the material meets specifications. WSP’s petrographic services have aided in the evaluation of struc tural failures, and provided information to evaluate whether mate rial failure was a cause of or contributor to problems discovered. WSP is fully equipped to perform petrographic analysis in accor dance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) test methods. All of our analyses are performed locally in our San Diego Labora tory providing clients with rapid turn around and easy access to our staff and facility. WSP provides full petrographic services for construction materials, including: concrete, masonry, aggregates, stucco, terrazzo, mortar, grout and clay products.

INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM CONCRETE PETROGRAPHY INCLUDES: z General quality of the concrete and

z Quality and mineralogy of the aggregates and an evaluation of the presence or potential for adverse reactions in the concrete. z Evaluation of the cause of cracking. z Assessment of fire damage. z Evaluation of finishing and curing practices. z Evaluation of the depth of carbonation.

identification of distress inculding alkali silica reaction, sulfate reaction, and delayed ettringite formation. z Evaluation of the curing history and degree of cement hydration. Evalaution for the presence of fly-ash and other compounds Qualitative estimate of the cement content and water cement ratio can be made. z Estimated air content and evaluation of the air void system.

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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CORROSION STUDIES AND REACTIVITY TESTING

WSP’s laboratories performs specialized testing of concrete to evaluate the current condition and help predict future performance. We perform chloride ion and hydroxyl ion concentration test ing to evaluate the condition of the concrete and evaluate the corrosion potential of the embedded

reinforcing steel. We perform wet chemistry meth ods as well as ion chromatography. We perform an array of aggregate reactivity testing to evaluate the future performance of concrete aggregates with respect to reactivity.

TESTING z Chloride Content, Water Soluble (ASTM C1218) z Chloride Content, Acid Soluble (ASTM C1152) z Rapid Chloride Ion Permeability (ASTM C1202) z Sulfate Content of Concrete (ion chromatography) z Potential Reactivity of Aggregates (ASTM C1260) z Potential Reactivity of Aggregates combinations of cementitious materials (ASTM C1567) z pH of Concrete (internal laboratory procedure) z Cement Content of Hardened Concrete (ASTM C1084) z Water-extractable Chloride in Aggregates (C1542) z Expansion of Cement Mortar Bars in Water (ASTM C 1038) z Length Change of Concrete due to Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction (ASTM C1105)

AREAS OF EXPERTISE

z Potential Reactivity of Cement Aggregate Combinations, 12 month testing period (ASTM C227) z Length Change of Concrete due to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASTM C1293) z Concrete Expansion with Ground Blast-Furnace Slag (ASTM C441) z Potential Reactivity of Carbonate Rocks (ASTM C586) z Length Change of Hydraulic Cement Mortars Expose to Sulfate (ASTM C1012) z Duggan Expansion Test, including sample preparation z SikaFerroGard 903 Depth Testing z Petrographic Description of Rock (ISRM 1977) (ASTM D4992) z Examination of Hardened Masonry Mortar (ASTM C1324)

Chloride Ion Concentration Testing

Hydroxyl Ion Concentration Testing

Aggregate Reactivity Testing

Wet Chemistry Methods

Ion Chromatography Testing

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Concrete Forensic and Materials Investigation Services

FirmQualifications | SOQ

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND THERMAL TESTING WSP LABORATORY CONCRETE TESTS z Compression Test, (ASTM C39) ( Caltrans Test CTM521) z Core Compression Test (ASTM C42) z Modulus of Elasticity, wet or dry (ASTM C469) z Poisson’s Ratio (ASTM C469) z Flexural Test, 6x6x18 (ASTM C78) (CTM 523) z Shear Strength Testing z ASTM C 174 Measuring Thickness of Concrete Elements Using Drilled Concrete Cores z Hardened Concrete Shrinkage Beams ASTM C157 (Dry or Moist Conditioning) z Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars z Splitting Tensile Strength, (ASTM C496) z Unit Weight, absorption, voids, (ASTM C642) z Unit Weight (ASTM C29) z Oven Dried Moisture Content z Abrasion Resistance of Concrete or Mortar, by Rotating-Cutter Method (ASTM C944) z Relative Mortar Strength of Portland Cement Sand (Caltrans Test CTM 515) z Direct Tensile Strength (Modified ASTM D2936) z Thermal Conductivity/Resistivity (Thermal grout or Concrete) z Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Concrete (AASHTO T336) z Bond Strength by Slant Shear (ASTM C882) z Bond Strength by Direct Tension (C1583)

WSP’S ASSOCIATED SERVICES

Environmental Engineering

Transportation Planning/Engineering

Grant Writing and Management

Community Engagement

Structural Engineering

Civil/Roadway Engineering

Geotechnical Engineering

Drainage/Stormwater Engineering

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Our concrete forensic and materials investigation solutions are as diverse as the

clients we serve; we have a distinguished track record in quality control services, and provide an impressive suite of technical expertise and support to clients around the world.

WSP is a leading Quality Management specialist, providing comprehensive Quality Assurance and Quality Control functions for many large and demanding construction projects such as bridges, highways, tunnels, marine shipping terminals, commercial and industrial buildings, power plants, airports, and other facilities.

CONTACT US David Wilson, PE

Vice President, Civil Engineer david.wilson5@wsp.com 858-232-0938 Zahraa Al Khafaji, PE Lead Consultant Civil Engineer zahraa.alkhafaji@wsp.com 602-702-9832